An excerpt of Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #56: Hepatitis C in pregnancy—updated guidelines: Replaces Consult Number 43, November 2017 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: In the United States, it is estimated that 1% to 4% of pregnant women are infected with hepatitis C virus （HCV）, which carries approximately a 5% risk of transmission from mother to infant. Hepatitis C virus can be transmitted to the infant in utero or during the peripartum period, and infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction and low birthweight. The purpose of an excerpt of Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #56: Hepatitis C in pregnancy—updated guidelines: Replaces Consult Number 43, November 2017 is to discuss the current evidence, provide updated recommendations regarding screening, review treatment, and address management of hepatitis C virus during pregnancy.

Surgical choice of posterior osteotomy way for senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture with kyphosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the surgical choice of posterior osteotomy way by the observation of clinical outcome of Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and vertebral column re-section (VCR) for senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture with kyphosis.@*METHODS@#From June 2015 to August 2017, an amount of 8 elderly patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis caused by osteoporotic vertebral fracture underwent osteotomy approach for posterior osteotomy. All patients were old osteoporotic vertebral fracture more than 6 months and received invalid conservative treatment for 3 months including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, anti-osteoporosis drugs and acupuncture, etc. There were 3 males and 5 females, with an average age of 73.4 years (66 to 83 years), with an average course of the disease of 34.6 months (8 to 60 months). Eight patients had a total of 8 vertebral fractures, and fracture segment was in T of 1 case, T of 1 case, T of 3 cases, L of 2 cases, L of 1 case. Eight patients showed kyphosis caused by wedge deformation of single segmental vertebral fractures. The thoracolumbar kyphosis and symptoms were progressively developing into central sagittal imbalance. SPO osteotomy was performed in 3 cases, PSO osteotomy in 3 cases, and VCR osteotomy in 2 cases. Orthopaedic effects were analyzed by imaging measurements, including pre- and post-operative kyphosis Cobb angle, localized kyphosis (LK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral tilt angle (ST) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the pain and lumbar function.@*RESULTS@#All the eight patients were followed up from 8 to 24 months with an average of 13.5 months and all the symptoms of low back pain have significantly reduced or disappeared. The VAS score decreased from 5-8 points (mean 6.5 points) before surgery to 1-4 points (mean 1.88 points) at the final follow-up, and the score was significantly improved. The ODI score decreased from 36-78 points (mean 60.25 points) before surgery to 10-32 points (mean 20.38 points) at the final follow-up, and the functional score improved significantly. During the follow-up period, X-ray examination showed that some patients had a slight decrease in the height of the intervertebral fusion, and the bone graft was healed. There was no obvious corrected degree loss and internal fixation loosening, and the thoracolumbar kyphosis was significantly improved. The mean Cobb angle of T-L was reduced from 25.3° to 2.8° with corrected rate of 89.3% ; LK was reduced from 43.4° to 7.1° with corrected rate of 86.2% ; TK was reduced from 49.9° to 30.6°, LL was reduced from 43.6° to 30.8°, and ST was changed from 24.0° to 32.1°, SVA was changed from 6.23 cm to 2.40 cm.@*CONCLUSION@#For the different pathological features and deformities of senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture combined with kyphosis, SPO, PSO or VCR can achieve good orthopedic effect and clinical efficacy.

Analysis of aluminum content in unprocessed grains from different areas of China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the aluminium content in unprocessed grains from different areas of China.@*Methods@#From June 2013 to December 2014, nine provinces (Jilin, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu) were selected as sampling areas using stratified random sampling method. Three cities, counties or townships were randomly selected from each sampling area. Grain stations, grain depots, planting areas or farmers′ markets located in non-aluminium mining areas or non-aluminium-involved industrial pollution areas were selected from each sampling area using a purposive sampling method. A total of 470 unprocessed grain samples (500 g per sample) including wheat, rice, corn, millet and soybean were collected from local grain stations, grain depots, planting areas and farmers′ markets. The dried grains samples were analysed for aluminium content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bootstrap resampling method was applied to calculate the upper bound values of 95%CI of P99 of aluminium contents for each kind of grain, which could be regarded as levels of concern for corresponding categories.@*Results@#A total of 454 grain samples, including 109 wheat samples, 111 rice samples, 78 corn samples, 69 millet samples and 87 soybean samples, were used for analysis after excluding outlier values. There were 420 positive samples with detected aluminium and the overall detection rate was 92.5%. Among them, the aluminium contents were high in wheat and soybean with median values about 9.59 and 7.12 mg/kg, and maximum values about 31.55 and 28.80 mg/kg, respectively. The median and maximum values of aluminium contents in corn were about 4.65 and 26.79 mg/kg. Aluminium contents were low in rice and millet, with median values about 1.49 and 2.21 mg/kg, and maximum values about 7.56 and 8.07 mg/kg, respectively. Based on Bootstrap resampling method, the upper bound values of 95%CI of P99 of aluminium contents in wheat, soybean, corn, rice and millet were 29.86, 28.80, 26.79, 7.56 and 8.07 mg/kg, respectively, which could be regarded as levels of concern for corresponding grains.@*Conclusion@#Aluminium has been detected in most unprocessed grains. The accumulation of aluminium varies in different grains species.

Exposure status and health risk assessment of deoxynivalenol from cereals in Chinese population in different regions / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) from cereals and health risk in Chinese residents in different regions.@*Methods@#The data of DON concentration in cereals was derived from the national food safety risk surveillance from 2010 to 2017, with 15 422 samples of cereals included. China was roughly divided into north part and south part, along with the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. Sample size of each type of cereals, i.e. wheat flour, maize meal, oats and rice was 4 948, 696, 626, 1 006 in the north, while 5 648, 1 068, 266, 1 164 in the south. The data of cereals consumption was derived from China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and 68 335 respondents aged 3 and above, with 34 234 from the north and 34 101 from the south, were included. Simple distribution model was applied for calculation and comparison of the dietary exposure to DON from cereals in northern and southern residents based on individual consumption of cereals, body weight and average DON concentration in each type of cereals.@*Results@#Average DON concentration in wheat flour, maize meal, oats, and rice sampled in northern China were 235.4, 121.6, 7.0 and 4.6 μg/kg, respectively, while 239.1, 124.3, 29.0 and 15.5 μg/kg in cereals sampled in southern China. The average DON exposure from cereals in surveyed Chinese inhabitants was 0.78 μg/(kg·d). Among them, the DON exposure of northern residents was higher than that of southern residents (P<0.001), and the average exposures were 1.15 and 0.41 μg/(kg·d), respectively. A total of 49.2% of northern residents exceeded provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for DON exposure from cereals, which was much higher than that of southern residents (8.6%) (P<0.001). Wheat-based food products were the main source of DON exposure, with a contribution rate of 96.5% in the north and 68.3% in the south. Average DON exposure was the highest in the 3-6 years [2.12 μg/(kg·d) for children in north and 0.73 μg/(kg·d) in south].@*Conclusion@#Exposure to DON from cereals in northern residents of China was considerably high, with a certain health risk. Northern children aged 3 to 6 exposed even more DON and needed significant attention.

Effect of Jinwu Jiangu Decoction on IL-17,ACT1,TRAF6 in Synovial Cells of Rheumatoid Arthritis / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the effect of Miao medicine Jinwu Jiangu decoction containing serum freeze-dried powder on levels of IL-17,ACT1 and TRAF6 in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast like synoviocytes (RA-HFLS).Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group (recieving normal saline of the same volume),Jinwu Jiangu decoction high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose group (intragastrically administrated with Jinwu Jiangu decoction at doses of 14.4,4.8 and 2.4 g·kg-1,respectively),tripterygium glycosides group and prednisone group (treated with human equivalent dosage).RA-HFLS primary cell model was established in the experiment.ELISA method was used to detect effect of lyophilized powder on IL-17 secretion.Expression of ACT1,TRAF6 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the blank control gorup,IL-17 in the supernatant of each medication administration group was significantly decreased (all P0.05).Conclusion Freeze-dried powder of Jinwu Jiangu decoction can decrease the secretion of IL-17 and down-regulate expression of ACT1,TRAF6 with RA-HFLS.

Study on the Interaction between Cisplatin and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescent Spectrometry / 中国药师

Objective:To study the interaction between cisplatin and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) under the simulated human physiological condition. Methods:The interaction mechanism of BSA and cisplatin was investigated by fluorescent spectrometry; the binding constant, binding site and interaction force were studied, and the interaction effects on the conformation change of BSA were investigated as well. Results:The results of fluorescent spectrometry showed that a ground state complex was formed between cisplatin and BSA, and the mechanism of fluorescence quenching was static quenching. The binding parameters of cisplatin and BSA were as follows:the binding constant was 1. 36 × 104 L·mol-1 , the binding site was 0. 991, and the interaction was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals forces. The results of synchronous fluorescent spectrometry demonstrated that the interaction influenced the micro-environments of amide acid residues. Conclusion:Cisplatin can interact with BSA and change the conformation of BSA.

Effect of Jinwu Jiangu Recipe on Expressions of NF-kappaB and IL-17 in Collagen Induced Arthritis Model Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Jinwu Jiangu Recipe (JJR) on the expression of synovial cells' nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and serum interleukin 17 (IL-17) in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, high, middle, and low dose JJR treatment groups, and the tripterygium control group, 10 in each group. Except rats in the blank control group, CIA model was established in rats of the rest 5 groups. Then they were treated from the 7th day of modeling. After 4 weeks of medication they were sacrificed, serum collected, and synovium of joints were isolated. The expression of serum IL-17 was detected in synovium of joints by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the expression of NF-kappaB/P65, Ikappabetaalpha and NF-KappaB/P50 were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank control group, the serum IL-17 level increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, the serum IL-17 level obviously decreased in high and middle dose JJR groups and the tripterygium control group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed, when compared with the blank control group, protein activities of NF-kappaB/P65 and NF-kappaB/P50 were significantly enhanced in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, protein activities of NF-kappaB/P65 and NF-kappaB/P50 significantly decreased in high and middle dose JJR groups and the tripterygium control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). All indices mentioned above were higher in the low dose JJR group than in the tripterygium control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JJR could lower the expression of serum IL-17 in CIA model rats, and inhibit protein activities of NF-kappaB/P65 and NF-kappaB/P50.</p>

Evaluation of Laboratory Testing Proj ect for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the serum procalcitonin (PCT),interleukin-6 (IL-6 ),hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)and white blood cells (WBC)joint detection in the value of early clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methods Choose 84 cases with sepsis and 140 cases of mormal newborn in children between 2013.6.1~2013.8.31.Used the electro-chemical luminescence method and scattering turbidimetric method to detect levels of serum PCT,IL-6 and hs-CRP respec-tively,at the same time test whole blood white cells with XE-2100 instrument.Results There were significant difference be-tween serum levels of PCT,hs-CRP and IL-6 of the patients with sepsis and normal newborns (t=6.37~10.58,P3.15).But joint detection of PCT,IL-6 and hs-CRP for neo-natal sepsis,the sensitivity was 98.81%,specificity was 90.24%,higher than any of them a detection sensitivity and special-ity degree.PCT in detection of neonatal sepsis,when 0.5 ng/ml≤PCT≤2 ng/ml,it was priority to with gram-positive bac-terium infection,and when PCT>2 ng/ml,was priority to with gram-negative bacteria infection,compared G+ bacteria infec-tion and G- bacteria infection,the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.646.37~35.05,P<0.05).Conclusion PCT,hs-CRP and IL-6 detection has high sensitivity,strong specificity,they can provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis.

Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave to repair and reconstruct osseous tissue framework in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the application value of extracorporeal shock wave to repair and reconstruct osseous tissue for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 42 hips of 36 patients with ANFH were treated with extracorporeal shock waves included 29 males and 7 females,aged from 21 to 66 during March 2006 to March 2008. The course of disease was 6 months to 3 years (means 1.3 years). According to Ficat classification 8 hips were in stages I, 25 were in stage II, and 9 were in stage III. The energy density of ESWT was from 0.18 to 0.25 mJ/mm2. The treatment focusing points of avascular necrosis of the femoral on the surface projection were marked with X-ray fluoroscopy, and 1 to 2 points were selected for one treatment with 400 to 500 pulses in each point. Generally 3 to 5 treatments were performed, once per 7 days. The CR, CT or MRI and the hip Harris score were obtained to investigate the clinical effects of extracorporeal shock wave for repair and reconstruct osseous tissue framework and improve the hip function before treatment and at 3, 12 months after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The X-ray,CT or MR were performed of 42 hips,35 hips were treated successfully after extracorporeal shock wave therapy, cure occurred in 6 cases, marked effect in 13 cases, effectiveness in 16 cases and ineffectiveness in 7 case. After one years of followed-up, no relapse was found, the femoral head further collapse did not occur. The Harris hip score of stage I, II, III ere respectivey (90.1 +/- .4), (81.2 +/- .5), (66.9 +/- .6) at 3 months and (91.6 +/- .4), (91.1 +/- .5), (79.0 +/- .1) at 12 months after treatment. The scores after treatment were increased significantly than that of before treatment (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has obviously therapeutic effect in the repairing and reconstructing osseous tissue and improve the hip Harris score and improve the hip function. It is a effect significantly, non-invasion, less complications, simple-accurate therapy method for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.</p>

Effect of multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2 gene mutations on phenotype of endemic arsenic poisoning / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of gene mutations of arsenic transport proteins-muhidrug resistance-associated proteins(MRP1 and MRP2)on phenotype of endemic arsenic poisoning.Methods Two hundreds and thirty-nine rural residents in 3 villages of Shuocheng Region,Shanxi Province were interviewed and examined by simple random sampling who had been lived there for 20 yearn at least.All the objects were divided into two groups on the basis of clinical examination with"The Standard Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenic Poisoning" (WT/S 211-2001):subjectives with skin lesion as a arsenic poisoning group and without skin lesion as a control group. One hundred and ninety-three blood samples were collected from each participanL Seventy-five arsenic poisoning cases and 118 controls were detected the gene mutations in the 2,17,23 exons of M RPI and the 10,18,31 exons of MRP2 by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and compared by multivariate Logistic regression model. Results Seventy-five cases and 164 controls underwent questionnaires. Age[ (58.85±11.26) vs (45.73±11.92),OR = 3.378,P ＜ 0.05],gender[male,57.3%(43/75)vs 27.4%(45/164),OR = 3.553,P＜ 0.01 ],smoking[46.7%(35/75) vs 21.3%(35/164),OR = 3.225,P ＜ 0.01 ],drinking[ 17.3%(13/75) vs 8.5% (14/164),OR = 1.836,P ＞ 0.05],vegetable and fruit intake[5.3%(4/75) vs 9.1%(15/164),OR = 0.560,P ＞ 0.05],egg and meat intake[34.7%(26/75) vs 30.5%(50/164),OR = 1.210,P ＞ 0.05],exposure of pesticide [41.3%(31/75) vs 29.3%(48/164),OR = 1.864,P ＜ 0.05] were tested by Logistic regression model. There was no gene mutation detected in the 23 exon of MRP1 and the 18 exon of MRP2. The gene mutations frequencies of the 2 exons of MRP1 in arsenic poisoning and control groups were 8.00% (6/75) and 5.93% (7/118),respectively;they were 13.33%(10/75) and 8.47%(10/118) of the 17 exons of MRP1,respectively;they were 22.67%(17/75) and 18.64%(22/118) of the 10 exons of MRP2,respectively;they were 5.33%(4/75) and 2.54%(3/118) of the 31 exons of MRP2,respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups(x2 = 0.312,1.165,0.460, 2.794,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05). After age,gender,smoking,drinking,nutritional level and exposure of pesticide being adjusted by multivariate Logistic regression model,there was no significant difference between two groups (OR = 0.803,1.892,2.388,1.098,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions The gene mutations of 2,17,23 exons of MRPI and the 10,18,31 exons of MRP2 may have no effect on the phenotype of endemic arsenic poisoning.

Detection and analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulation in population exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the change and the significance of T-lymphocyte immune function in peripheral blood in population living in arsenic-contaminated area. Methods Fifty-three cases of patients with arsenism symptoms were selected into experimental group, inhabitants who had no chronic arsenism symptoms into control group in the endemic area of Shuocheng District, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province in 2006. Vein blood samples were taken and analyzed with SAP assay to measure the percentage of CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Results It was found that the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ [(41.89 ± 11.58)%, (25.60 ± 9.05)% and 1.02 ± 0.41] in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group [(68.38 ± 7.23)%, (39.17± 4.28)% ,1.69 ± 0.56, t = 13.61,18.72,14.79, all P < 0.05], while there was no statistical differences of CD8+ [(25.30 ± 6.85)%] compared to the control group[(23.54 ± 8.35)%,t = 3.07,P > 0.05]. The gender-related effect of arsenic on CD4+ and CD8+ was found by multiple linear step regression analysis(t = - 3.05, - 4.30, all P < 0.05). In case group, there were no statistical differences in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+[(40.65±10.06)%, (24.48 ± 6.29)%, (24.52 ± 8.16)%,0.98 ± 0.25] between males and females [(43.07±12.96)%, (26.77±3.12)%, (26.50 ±9.32)%, 1.07 ±0.41, t = - 0.76,3.05,0.30,2.10, all P > 0.05]. Conclusions The immune function of T-lymphocytes of patients with chronic arsenism has been suppressed. It is of active significance to detect T-lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral vein in patients with chronic arsenism aiming at estimating the function of cell immune and providing early diagnosis index.

Proteinchip-flight mass spectrometry for screening differentially expressed proteins in the serum of cervical cancer patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the differentially expressed proteins in the serum of patients with cervical cancer for use as the biomarkers for early diagnosis of cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) with weak cationic chips (CM10) was used to examine the serum samples of 24 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 25 age-matched healthy women. The protein fingerprints were obtained, and bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the serum of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-two differentially expressed proteins were detected in the serum of cervical cancer patients (P<10(-5)), among which 6 proteins with mass/charge ratio of 4173.77, 5903.09, 6087.12, 10716.9, 6109.61 and 3397.41, respectively, showed lowered expression in the serum of cervical cancer patients. Two diagnostic models for cervical cancer were generated using software, including one consisting of the 4173.77(M/Z) protein with the diagnostic specificity of 96% and sensitivity of 75% for cervical cancer and the other consisting of 3 proteins at 5335.81(M/Z), 7562.99(M/Z), and 9287.89(M/Z) with specificity of 91.67% and sensitivity of 96.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cervical cancer patients show different serum protein expression profile from healthy women. The 6 differential proteins identified may serve as specific serum biomarkers in close relation to the origin and progression of cervical cancer.</p>

Clinical study on correlativity of stagnation of the liver-qi with tenderness response of auricular points / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the correlativity of TCM syndromes to auricular points.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three cases of typical liver-qi stagnation syndrome and 52 healthy persons were divided into an observation group and a control group, respectively. The auricular points on both side were respectively detected by auricular point pressure pain method with spring pressure bar and a pressure of 50 g, and then the number of auricular points with positive response on both sides were respectively calculated and the positive rates between the two groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Can (liver), Shidao (esophagus), Sanjiao (triple energy), Pi (spleen), Yidan (pancreas and gall bladder), Tingzhong (center of superior concha), Wei (stomach), Shenmen had high tenderness positive rates, with significant differences between the liver-qi stagnation syndrome group and the healthy person group. The correlativity were Gan>Shidao>Sanjiao>Pi>Yidan>Tingzhong>Wei>Shenmen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TCM syndromes and auricular points have correlativity.</p>

Garlic oil inhibits cyclin E expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the inhibitory effect of garlic oil on cyclin E expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells were cultured routinely and the expressions of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are detected by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. The SGC7901 cells were also cultured with RPMI 1640 without calf serum for 48 h, followed by further culture with RPMI 1640 in the presence of 2.5% calf serum before treatment with TGFalpha, garlic oil, or their combination, and cyclin E expression of the cells was then detected by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rates of TGFalpha and EGFR expressions were 46.80% and 57.78 % respectively in SGC7901 cells cultured routinely for 48 h. The positivity rate of cyclin E expression was increased by 7.06% (P<0.001) in SGC7901 cells treated with 30 microg/L TGFalpha for 5 h, decreased by 11.75% (P<0.001) following a 5-hour treatment with 10% garlic oil, and decreased further by 17.11% (Plt;0.001) after treatment with both 30 microg/L TGFalpha and 10% garlic oil for 5 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells express TGFalpha and EGFR and possess TGFalpha autocrine and paracrine loops to promote cell proliferation. Garlic oil inhibits cyclin E expression in routinely cultured SGC7901 cells and also in TGFalpha-treated ones, suggesting that garlic oil can inhibit the TGFalpha autocrine and paracrine loops, which can be one of the pathways of garlic oil to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.</p>

Topical dimethyl sulfoxide and intralesional hyaluronidase administration for vinorelbine extravasation-induced rat skin injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of topical DMSO and intralesional hyaluronidase administration, used alone or in combination, on skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation was induced in the lower extremities of 30 SD rats, which were treated subsequently with topical DMSO, intralesional hyaluronidase, their combination, topical saline, and intralesional saline, with the rats without any treatment as the control. The wound area on 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 days and the time of healing were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound area on 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 days were significantly smaller in topical DMSO group than in topical saline and control groups (P<0.05), and so in intralesional hyaluronidase group than in intralesional saline and control groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between single agent (hyaluronidase and DMSO) treatment group and the combined treatment group. The healing time was significantly shorter in topical DMSO and intralesional hyaluronidase groups than in topical and intralesional saline groups and control group ( 24.9-/+3.2 and 21.9-/+3.0 days vs 29.8-/+2.6, 28.6-/+4.1 and 30.6-/+3.0 days, P<0.01), but comparable between the two single agent groups and combined treatment group (23.3-/+3.8 days).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intralesional hyaluronidase and topical DMSO application are effective therapies for skin damage due to vinorelbine extravasation, and their combination does not improve the therapeutic effect.</p>

NR2B-pERK1/2-pElk-1 signaling contributes to the avoidance learning and memory of rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate whether NR2B-pERK1/2-pElk-1 signaling contributes to the Y-maze learning and memory of rat brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>45 adult male SD rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) Ifenprodil peritoneal injection group (Ifenprodil ip, n = 14); (2) DMSO peritoneal injection group(DMSO ip, n = 15); (3) Ifenprodil cerebral ventricle injection group (Ifenprodil ic, n = 8); (4) DMSO cerebral ventricle injection group(DMSO ic, n = 8). Y-maze training and test were used as an learning and memory enhancing stimulus. Immunohistochemical and Western blotting methods were used for detecting pERK1/2 and pElk-1 expression intensity of different brain regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the DMSO ip group, the ifenprodil ip group showed no change on the Y-maze learning score (P > 0.05), but its Y-maze memory score tested 24 after learning decreased (P < 0.05). Ifenprodil peritoneal injection made brain pERK1/2 and pElk-1 expression decreased generally. In hippocampus, marginal division of striatum(MrD), amygdala,these changes were more significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the DMSO ic group, the reconsolidation of Y-maze memory tested 6 hours after ifenprodil injection was impaired in ifenprodil ic group (P < 0.05). The OD value of pERK1/2 and pElk-1 positive bands in ifenprodil ic group attenuated generally. The pElk-1 positive bands of caudate putamen and MrD almost disappeared in ifenprodil ic group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NR2B is essential for the formation of long-term memory, reconsolidation of Y-maze memory. The deactivation of NR2B by ifenprodil will impair these courses. Meanwhile, the deactivation of NR2B attenuates pERK1/2 and pElk-1 expression of learning and memory related regions after Y-maze learning and memory reconsolidation test. In MrD and caudate putamen, the pElk-1 expression are completely blocked by ifenprodil after memory reconsolidation test.</p>

Effect of transforming growth factor alpha on the expression of cyclin E and cyclin D1 in gastric carcinoma cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) on the expression of cyclin E and D1 in gastric carcinoma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells were cultured routinely and synchronized at G(0)/G(1) phase in serum-free RPMI-1640. The percentage of the cells at G(0)/G(1) phase was detected by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry (FCM), and the synchronized cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 2.5% calf serum and treated with 10, 30, and 50 microg/L TGFalpha for 5 h. The expression of cyclin E and D1 in SGC7901 cells was detected by immunofluorescent staining and FCM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of the cells at G(0)/G(1) phase increased from 54% in routine culture to 72% in the serum-free RPMI-1640 culture. TGFalpha treatment of the cells synchronized at G(0)/G(1) phase induced significant increment of cyclin E and D1 expressions (P<0.001), and at the dose of TGFalpha of 50 microg/L, their expressions increased by 25.18% and 27.52%, respectively (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGFalpha can increase the expression of cyclin E and D1 in gastric carcinoma cells to promote their cell cycle progress.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal inspiratory dyspnea / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the causes and the clinical characteristics of the neonatal inspiratory dyspnea; so to raise the diagnosis and cure rate of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven new born infants with severe inspiratory dyspnea were investigated from March, 2001 to June, 2004 in Shenzhen children's hospital. Six infants were male and 5 were female. The average age was 7.2 days ( range from 8 hours to 28 days). Four cases were hospitalized with trachea intubation. Three of them can not cry, and 2 cases were diagnosed as bilateral vocal cord paralysis, 1 case as multiple cranial nerve palsy with direct laryngoscopy. Two cases couldn't drink milk continuously and accompanied with deteriorated inspiratory dyspnea, and were diagnosed as congenital adenoid hypertrophy and neonatal rhinitis respectively with compute tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Among the 6 cases with persistent inspiratory dyspnea, four of them were diagnosed as congenital laryngocele by direct laryngoscope, one case was diagnosed as subglottic stenosis by tracheoscopy and one case was confirmed to be thoracic tracheostenosis when tracheotomy performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four congenital laryngoceles and one case congenital adenoid hypertrophy were cured with surgery. Two bilateral vocal cord paralysies and one case of subglottic stenosis received tracheotomy. One neonatal rhinitis case applied 0.25% ephedrine. One case of thoracal tracheostenosis died. The parents of the infant with multiple cranial nerve palsy refused to accept any treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The laryngoscope examination is recommended for patients with neonatal inspiratory dyspnea. It is necessary for patients with persistent dyspnea to be examined by tracheoscopy as early as possible.</p>

Effects of folic acid cooperated with soybean isoflavone on the neural tube defects pregnant rats / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of folic acid cooperating with soybean isoflavone on the oxidative status of neural tube defects (NTDs) pregnant rats induced by cyclophosphamide, to observe the relationship of the two factors, folic acid and the isoflavone and to look for the best co-intervention group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 100 pregnant rats of 2.5-3 months old were randomly divided into the control group, model group, co-intervention groups and solo-intervention groups. The animals were executed on the 20th day of gestation as to examining the levels of antioxidative indices (GSH, GSH-Px, Se, Mn, Fe) in blood. The incidence rates of NTDs were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The interaction of folic acid and isoflavone had significant effect on the indices related with antioxidation (P < 0.05). Folic acid 0.7 mg/kg cooperated with isoflavone 160 mg/kg had the best intervention effects in our study. Compared with the solo-intervention by folic acid 1.4 mg/kg and isoflavone 320 mg/kg, the effect of co-intervention (folic acid 0.7 mg/kg cooperated with isoflavone 160 mg/kg) was significantly better (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Folic acid should be the main protective factor of NTDs, and isoflavone might reinforce the protective effects of folic the acid on NTDs by increasing the antioxidative ability, however, the effect is related with the ratio of the two factors.</p>

STUDY OF THE SYNERGETIC EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID AND GENISTEIN ON THE EARLY STAGE OF PRIMARY CULTURED NEURON APOPTOSIS / 营养学报

Objective: To observe the synergetic effect of folic acid and genistein on apoptosis in the early stage of neuron and its possible mechanism. Methods: Cyclophosphamide was added to primary cultured neurons to induce apoptosis. Three different dosages of folic acid and genistein were used to inhibit apoptosis. The results were observed by flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: 1.Folic acid and genistein might play a role in early stages of neuron apoptosis, and the synergetic effect was demonstrated when folic acid and genistein were administered together. 2. The membrane changes in early stages of neuron apoptosis observed by scanning electron microscope were also in agreement with the flow cytometry data. Conclusion: Genistein might reinforce the protective effect of folic acid on neural tube defects by restraining the apoptosis of the early stage of neuron.